The Importance Of Wealth And A Consumerist Nation

Derek Crosby Online British Literature 6 August 2015 Social Classholes: The Importance of Wealth Historically and in a Consumerist Nation One of the most important aspects of any novel is the theme. Furthermore, themes that express practicalities that people in the real world deal with regularly are that much more effecting. That’s why novels like Pride and Prejudice and Jane Eyre are timeless; their themes are extremely important and will forever ring true in society. Most prevalently of the themes in these novels is social class. Social class is something that has been, and always will be, very important to society; as happens in the novels, people are unjustly judged based upon their monetary position in society. For the setting of the stories, these people saw nothing wrong with this prejudice; and this was also a truth in reality. The more privileged were more eligible for happiness. When studying history, literature, and just the normal everyday life, social class pops up into nearly every medium. In the United States, the relevance and importance of social class is absolutely enormous. The hulking impact that class and stature has on people is largely apart of the nations problems. Statistics are shocking; the amount of homeless people, or just the population of people in poverty in all, is a number to be dealt with. The numbers are astounding; ninety percent of all American citizens share one percent of the wealth. The other ninetyShow MoreRelatedCapitalism on Wages and Income Essay1426 Words   |  6 Pageslabour provided so there is a lot of exploitation. The capitalist is able to influence many people with the wage, therefore his profits becomes unlimited. He is able to achieve this through use of wealth accumulated earlier. Therefore, in the end the capitalist will continues to accumulate more wealth while the poor becomes poorer and venerable. Wages are very dependent on productivity, always with wages lagging behind though increases in productivity. Therefore for the poor to benefit wages mustRead MoreEssay on Criticisms of Consumerism and Materialism in Fight Club1134 Words   |  5 Pagesdont concern me. What concerns me is celebrity magazines, television with five hundred channels, some guys name on my underwear†(29 min.) We are a generation comprised of invidious and conspicuous consumers, desperately trying to meet society’s consumerist criteria; seeking the false promise of the American dream. This is the reality presented in Fincher’s Fight Club (1999), one of â€Å"the rawest, most hot-blooded, provocatively audacious, dangerous movies to come of out Hollywood† (Morris, 1999). ThroughRead MoreTranscendentalism And Its Impact On Society2407 Words   |  10 PagesFuller once said, â€Å"Men for the sake of getting a living forget to live.† In today’s society, a strong emp hasis on material wealth exists, while the importance of happiness is underrated. America as a whole is twice as wealthy as it was fifty years ago, while the overall level of happiness has remained stagnant (Belic). Point in case, society must remove this focus on wealth, which is causing many to lead unfulfilled lives of quiet desperation. One can achieve a life of contentment by applying theRead More Emerson and Thoreau Represent American Identity1511 Words   |  7 Pagescreate American Identity through creation of an intellectual scholars, which was unique and free from European influence and secondly it will discuss the way in which Thoreau contributed to the creation of unique America with the belief in anti-consumerist by experimenting a simple and harmonious living with nature. 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Adherents to the Malthusian theoryRead More Confucian Philosophy and Corporate Responsibility1630 Words   |  7 Pagestraded corporation has been widely criticized due to the fact that its responsibility rests exclusively with its shareholders as opposed to resting wi th society at large. The essential goal of a corporation as an institution is to create monetary wealth for those in communal possession of it. This leads, however, to another facet of the corporation in terms of Confucian philosophy. It could be said that a corporation is, in fact, a microcosmic reflection of a unified, collectivist whole. Much asRead MoreThe Symbolic Cultural System Of Religion Essay2274 Words   |  10 Pagesissue-based event can be measured only in terms of number, frankly speaking the death toll. Since the British introduced the first all India census in 1871, subsequent Indian governments held a decennial census that is said to enrich the country with a wealth of data. The transformation of Muslims from ruling elite to a subjected minority in colonized India can never be denied to have affected the psyche of competing ethnic elites who are worried about the reduced number of their groups that would costRead MoreInculcate Ethical Values in Children to Protect the Nation from the Depleting Morals and Ethical Values Under the Shade of Globalization2378 Words   |  10 PagesWays and Means to inculcate Ethical Values in the children to protect the nation from the depleting morals and ethical values under the shade of Globalization `Children are our most valuable natural resource. -Herbert Hoover â€Å"India will be radiant when our children are free to dance in the rain- Azim H Premji, Chairman Wipro. â€Å"It is necessary that steps are taken to properly nurture them in the right direction at an early age, says Sriram Kannan. 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CRITICAL THEORY / MARXIST PERSPECTIVE Critical theory, on the other hand, as propounded by Robert Cox is a rejoinder to Neo-realism. According to Mark Rupert, Neo-Realism â€Å"only describes patterns in the operation of power among States without inquiring

Classic Study Essays - 2051 Words

Classic studies in psychology are not worthy of the term — all such studies are vastly over-rated. Discuss. Classic studies are well known in the world and widely discussed by psychologists, journalists, politicians and public (Smith amp; Haslam, 2012). Being labeled as â€Å"classic studies†, the most important feature is that those studies can address fundamental questions of human behavior, for instance, it explains the obedience of human beings and empathy of humanity (Devine amp; Brodish, 2003). The findings explain the most common phenomenon and always challenged what people assumed about human behaviour and proved with experimental results (Smith amp; Haslam, 2012). There is no doubt that those studies had a massive contribution to†¦show more content†¦Little Albert’s was chosen because of his strong emotional stability and researches think his personality could be â€Å"relatively little harm by carrying out such experiments†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Wastson amp; Rayner, 1920, p. 3). However, from psychologists’ point of view, his emotional reaction was far from mild and experimenters did not put effort to comfort him (Smith amp; Haslam, 2012). Although the principles of classical conditioning are useful in treatment of phobias and even medical implications, it is questioned whether its worth to cause harm to the subject in order to complete the study. The unethical research method of classic studies brings potential damages to the participants (Russell amp; Purcell, 2009). The ignorance of such damages overrates the experimental result and conclusion. Studies should be morally and ethically grounded. In addition, classic experiments often carry out in an artificial laboratory environment in which causing low validity and confound the†¬. The tight control over the experiment may lead not be able to generalize the results into real life situation or replicable. In this case, such studies may mislead people and it is not worth to be focused. In the study of Asch (1951), a group of eight individuals (7 confederates and 1 naà ¯ve participant) sat in a room and they were asked which of three unequal vertical lines matched the given one. The study has low validity ecological validity as it was carried out under controlledShow MoreRelatedEssay Case Study Classic Watch647 Words   |  3 Pages1-2) After analyzing the structure of the Classic Watch Co, we have come to a conclusion, that the company is product oriented. The founder of the company Harry Brainch used to develop his product and then to find consumers. According to the case, he is quite a conservative person, who prefer s old-fashioned business techniques. Twenty years ago, customers were less choosy and they were happy to have a product that is good value for money. In that case, Harry Brainchs strategy fitted really wellRead MoreEssay on Classic Knitwear Case Study1005 Words   |  5 Pages‘Classic Knitwear and Guardian: A perfect fit?’– Case Analysis This Document analyses the Long Term Marketing strategy and Financial impact of the Classic Knitwear’s decision to launch a new line of insect repellent clothes in collaboration with Guardian Company. Group 2: Abhishek Magdum, Ganesh Babu, Gariki Ajay Kumar, Hari Balaji VS, Ritika Arora, Shubhangi Sudhakaran 5C analysis: 1. Company: ï‚ · Classic Knitwear, a publicly traded company operates in the $24.5 billionRead MoreClassic Study in Social Psychology Essay example1176 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Classic Study in Social Psychology Erica Mariscal Vigil PSYCH/620 Diana Wheatley 04/14/14 Classic Study in Social Psychology The bystander effect is associated with the phenomenon, which states that when a larger amount of people are present, the less likely people are to help a person in need of assistance. 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Thus those who were attracted to the new learning tended to be those who were simply curious rather than those who were dedicated to discovering through the study of the classics new means of dealing with social and personal problems. (Wilcox) For the North, there was too much rhetoric that came from the study of the ancients and their discoursesRead MoreThe Punishment of Probation- A Proposed Solution to the Prison Overcrowding Problem in England885 Words   |  4 Pagesoffender has served their sentence in prison or not at all. Within this essay, the focus will be to explain if the probation service is either soft or a hard option whilst covering three concepts to see what extent this is a true representation of community penalties. The three concepts which will be critically analysed will be history of prisons, prison population and the media’s perception of probation. At the end of this essay it will hopefully conclude whether probation is either a soft or hardRead MoreA View Of The Fallingwater House1193 Words   |  5 PagesPerez, Adelyn. AD Classics: Fallingwater House/Frank Lloyd Wright.ArchDaily Broadcasting Architecture Worldwide 14 (2010). Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/60022/ad-classics-fallingwater-frank-lloyd-wright â€Å"A view of the Fallingwater House† This essay paper studies the nature of scholarly research in architectural history by reviewing and analyzing the article â€Å"AD Classics: Fallingwater House/Frank Lloyd Wright† by Adelyn Perez on the Arch Daily website. This essay also gives furtherRead MoreAnalysis Of Ezra Pound s 1146 Words   |  5 Pagesand Pound’s imitation of Propertius and its limitation and the paper concludes with comments on the successful elements in the poem that made it stand over time despite the virulent attacks from the Classicists. 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Theodore Dreiser is theRead MoreDeveloping a Motivational Plan Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesDeveloping a Motivational Plan Essay Victoria Webb Grand Canyon University Educational Leadership in a Changing World - EDA 575 February 12, 2011 Developing a Motivational Plan Essay Motivation is the key to the success to any organization. â€Å"Human relation thinkers see the terms motivation and behavior as closely related because human behavior occurs as a result of motivation† (Razik Swanson, 2010, p. 108). Motivating people to work harder, give of themselves 100%, encouraging the employees

Curled Metals Case free essay sample

They’ve recently developed a new product that aims to revolutionize the pile-driving industry. The introduction of the CMI Cushion Pad has the ability to change the entire industry for its consumers; some of its more prominent features include the capabilities to significantly lower labor and equipment costs, decrease the total amount of pads being used (effectively eliminating waste), and reduce environmental safety concerns amongst the workforce due to the non-toxicity of the pads’ material. CMI has recently conducted two field testings of its Cushion Pads, with incredible results: the new product performed better than expected at both test sites (Kendrick Foundation Company and Corey Construction). Kendrick was so pleased with the Cushion Pads that they’ve asked CMI to quote prices. CMI is now faced with identifying the best price for this product. CMI Cushion Pads Pricing Considerations: In pricing their Cushion Pads, CMI faces a number of challenges that must be analyzed in order to determine the best possible price. We will write a custom essay sample on Curled Metals Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most pressing issue is the uniqueness of this product and CMI’s newness to this market; while there is no doubt that this product holds a high value for its customers, a large portion of that value is due to a reduction in labor and equipment costs. Customers may not be willing to pay more for pads without industry backing, guaranteeing this value of the pads. There is also a very low reference point for other purchasers of this product as it relates to competitors’ products (see Figure 1). The second issue is CMI’s desire to increase their sales (with an ideal goal of doubling the $55 million in sales currently with this product alone). This lofty sales goal disallows several pricing strategies to be used (laid out below in the â€Å"Pricing Analysis: Alternative Solutions† portion of this paper). A third point for consideration in the pricing of the Cushion Pads is the corporate management expectation of a 50% contribution margin. Finally, the limited production capabilities of 250 pads/month (with additional units adding $225,000/250 pads in monthly variable costs) create a burden in identifying the best price. CMI Cushion Pads Pricing Analysis (Alternative Solutions) There are a number of different pricing strategies that CMI can take to price the new Cushion Pads. CMI can start with a Cost-Plus Approach, given their newness to this market. The total unit price per pad would be _____, with a break-even price of ______. In both scenarios, it’s actually wiser to absorb the $150,000 machinery costs (see Figure 2). The second option could be to price the Cushion Pads using a competitor-based strategy. (Figures 2 and 3). The total per pad would be _____. While both of these options satisfy the desired contribution margin of 50%, neither of these strategies picks up all of the money that is created by the product’s value. For this reason, the best option is utilizing a value-based pricing strategy. This strategy will satisfy the contribution margin, allow Cushion Pads to pick up all of the value from its product, and revolutionize the pile-driving industry. Recommendation for CMI Cushion Pads Pricing Willingness to Pay: The new Cushion Pad is a desirable product not only because of its ability to reduce the amount of pads used for drilling overall, but because of the value it creates by yielding labor savings. Using the lowest priced 11-inch pad possible ($6. 5, used in the first Kendrick testing), there is an estimated cost of $3,000/15,000 feet drilled using the non-CMI pads. The savings for the customer, however, comes from the savings in labor costs. Estimating a total of $714 labor costs/hour (Exhibit A), the approximate labor savings totals $5. 08/foot driven (using Sanwal’s conservative estimates of 292,000,000 feet driven per year, page 5). Comparatively, CMI pads result in only $3. 57/foot driven. On a job of 15,000 feet, the difference in value is $22,650 in saved labor costs alone. Consequently, a customer should be willing to pay $5. 28/foot driven for the CMI Cushion Pads (see Figure 4). With this value-added, CMI can charge up to 2,837 for one pad, which would make the price exactly as much as the cheapest competitor (including labor costs). With that price, CMI would only have to sell 21,854 pads (which would service approximately 12% of the market, a feasible goal for CMI’s entrance) to make $62,000,000. 00 (VP Joseph Fernandez’s approximate sales goal). The recommended CMI price, however, is $1986. 34 (which is the valu e-capturing price of $2,837 with a 30% reduction). With an estimated 292,000,000-390,000,000 driven feet per year, the pile-driving industry is large enough for many sellers. CMI’s foray into this industry is new, however; in order to develop clientele, CMI should cultivate several segments (namely, the large engineering contractors, consulting engineers, and independent contractors), in addition to a media blitz introducing the product. Going for a skimming strategy is smart, as CMI is currently uncertain of whether competitors may react without a patent. Because the price is so steep, however, offering the Cushion Pads at an immediate discount (while still retaining almost 100% profit margins) would allow CMI to develop customers. Figure 1

Napoleon Bonaparte and Is Modern State free essay sample

Bonaparte instituted lasting reforms that mark the transition from absolute government to the modern state. One of Napoleons greatest contributions was the codification of French law and especially the great Civil Code that replaced the 360 local codes of the Ancient Regime. It was a combination of the egalitarianism of the Revolution and the authoritarianism of Napoleon. The code forbade privileges based on birth, allowed freedom of religion, and specified that government jobs go to the most qualified. It was, however, the first modern legal code to be adopted with a pan-European scope and it strongly influenced the law of many of the countries formed during and after the Napoleonic Wars. The Code was a major step in replacing the previous patchwork of feudal laws. The old paternal authority within the family was restored, for instance, while womens rights were strictly limited Napoleon once remarked that â€Å"women should stick to knitting. We will write a custom essay sample on Napoleon Bonaparte and Is Modern State or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, the achievements of the Revolution were continued with guarantees of equality, property rights and the rights of the citizen won in 1789. Published in a small compact edition in 1810, it became a model for legal rationalisation in many other states of Europe. One feature which was greatly to affect the future of France was the insistence on equal division of estates between sons. Napoleon also had to shape public opinion this was accomplished by crude forms of propaganda, but more importantly by the use of secret agents, arbitrary arrests, and executions. Like all dictators we think of Mussolini, Hitler and Stalin Napoleon relied on public opinion to prevent hostile criticism. In other words, dissent was nearly impossible. Printers and booksellers swore oaths of allegiance and all newspapers fell under state control. So, by repressing liberty, subverting republicanism and restoring absolutism, Napoleon reversed some of the liberal gains of the Revolution. He favored equality before the law and careers open to talent BUT he believed that political liberty threatened the efficiency of the state with anarchy.He would govern in the interests of the people as an enlightened but absolute ruler. In addition Napoleon favored a state system of public education. The curriculum would be secular and schools would be managed under the direction of the state and not the Church. For Napoleon, education would serve a dual role. State funded education would provide him with capable officials necessary to administer his laws and trained officers to man his army.The young would also be indoctrinated to obedience and authority. Napoleon established the University of France a giant board of education that placed education under state control. To this day, little has changed education is strictly centralized with curriculum and academic standards set for the entire nation. Women, of course, were excluded. Marriage is their whole destination, Napoleon once wrote. Women did not need education, all they needed was religion.I will conclude by saying that his drive, will, military genius and charisma made him a great man, a world historical figure, a man who made history. Machiavelli would have found Napoleon to be his perfect prince ; And , by spreading revolutionary ideals and institutions, Napoleon made it impossible for the restoration of the ancient regime. After Napoleon there was no turning back: feudalism was dead, society was secularized, the modern nation state replaced the dynastic state, and the bourgeoisie became the new class of privilege and status.

Banning Prayer In Schools Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Baning Prayer In Schools Essay, Research Paper Baning Prayer in Schools When schools foremost opened 100s of old ages ago supplication was ever enforced, and the Bible was the lone book most schools had to read. Our first constitutional right provinces that we have the right to freedom of address and freedom of faith, and as our right the authorities can non state us when it is appropriate to pray. The authorities is merely taking off yet another right doing us weaker and themselves stronger. The bible being the first book in instruction, the first amendment, minute of silence in school, the spiritual freedom amendment, and how society have reacted to this state of affairs aid to make my sentiment on supplication in schools. The oldest known system of instruction was to learn faith and promote traditions of people. In the western universe instruction was based on Biblical traditions of the Old Testament. We will write a custom essay sample on Banning Prayer In Schools Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The first school in America was in Jamestown in 1607. Schools were church related or private, including universities. Yale, Harvard, Brown, and Dartmouth were all established by church groups. In the early 1800 # 8217 ; s four of every 1000 people were illiterate. Grecian and Latin were taught in grammar school. Protestantism permeated the text editions, which caused the Catholics to make their ain schools. In the early 1800 # 8217 ; s, Horace Mann, as president of the senate in Massachusetts, initiated the first province board of public direction. He wanted public instruction to be Unitarian and did non believe in the divinity of Jesus Christ. He wanted province instruction with no Christian influence. Mann followed Germany # 8217 ; s Hegelian doctrine, which claimed nil was absolute and adult male # 8217 ; s thoughts were superior to Biblical rules. This was the of import displacement from nonsubjective worlds to subjective worlds. ( Mel Gablers ) In the early twentieth centur y, John Dewey, a university professor trained instructors in # 8220 ; progressive instruction # 8221 ; . Teachers today are instructed in this doctrine. Mr. Dewey was a signer of the Humanist Manifest # 1, and believed that Christianity was the rule job of society, a job to be solved through public instruction. He rejected belief in God, embraced development, and thought behavioural psychological science was the manner to command human behaviour. To make societal persons, Mr. Dewey advocated gradual alteration in the schools to toss off class faculty members and construct course of study around occupational activities, which would supply the maximal chance for socialisation. He admitted that high literacy produced persons who can stand on their ain two pess and think discerningly, something that would blockade the creative activity of a socialist Utopia. ( Blumenfeld Blumenfeld Education Letter January 1992 ) . In 1932 the National Education Association ( NEA ) stated that schools must make what the place and community had done in the yesteryear. In the 1960 # 8217 ; s a new psychological science, the # 8220 ; Third Wave # 8221 ; or # 8220 ; self-actualization # 8221 ; was developed by Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and William Coulson. The thought that people needed to acquire in touch with and verbalise their deepest feelings and ideas was introduced into schools. Feelingss were taught alternatively of truth, subjective worlds. Dr. Coulson now maintains that it is black and that kids need to be taught the rudimentss and nonsubjective worlds. # 8220 ; We have got to stuff our childs caputs with truth and so we will give them something to believe with. # 8221 ; This translates into a supplication for lower degree accomplishment command before higher degree thought accomplishments are introduced, the antonym of today # 8217 ; s educational restructuring doctrine in Kansas and elsewhere. Quality Performance Accreditation redefines the mission of schools to officially implement affectional and psychological ends as portion of the instruction procedure. Rather than parents being the primary authorization for the kid # 8217 ; s socialisation, values, attitudes and behaviour, the school usurps that occupation. ( Blumenfeld ) . The first amendment provinces that congress shall do no jurisprudence esteeming an constitution of faith or forbiding the free exercising thereof. ( Giesler 1 ) . The fundamental law grants the free exercising of faith to every American, and that right should non disappear at the doors of a public school. Although the fundamental law does non overtly reference God, it does connote dependence upon a Creator through its last words, called the Subscription Clause. ( Religious Freedom Act ) . After the Constitution was written, the first 10 amendments, known as the Bill of Rights, were added to guarantee the care of certain autonomies non expressly stated in the Constitution. James Madison wrote the first amendment # 8220 ; faith clause, # 8221 ; and an earlier bill of exchange made his purposes clear: The civil rights of none shall be abridged on history of spiritual belief or worship, nor shall any national faith be established? When the Anti-federalist saw the word # 8220 ; nationa l # 8221 ; in Madison # 8217 ; s earlier bill of exchange, they argued that his usage of that word presupposed a powerful centralised authorities. That was non Madison # 8217 ; s purpose, so his diction was changed to the present building. Yet understanding intended to relieve the fright that a national church, such as the Anglican Church in Great Britain, would lift to officia cubic decimeter distinction. ( Historical Context of Constitution ) In 1962 the Supreme Court decided that public schools did non hold the power to authorise school supplication. This determination made public school in the U.S. more unbelieving than many European states. For illustration, crosses still hang on the schoolroom walls in Poland, and the Ten Commandments are displayed in Hungary. There are supplications held at the beginning of legislative and judicial Sessionss and every President has mentioned a godly power in his inaugural address. In maintaining with a spirit of spiritual freedom as stated in the First Amendment, there is no ground why pupils should non be allowed to hold a minute of silence during the school twenty-four hours when they can pray or make as they choose. ( Newsweek 124 ) . The instance Engel v. Vitale in 1962 decided that school supplication is unconstitutional. With this instance, it was pointed out that the pupils were to # 8220 ; voluntarily # 8221 ; declaim the undermentioned supplication: # 8220 ; Almighty God, we acknowledge our dependance upon Thee, and we beg Thy approvals upon us, our parents, our instructors, and our country. # 8221 ; The tribunal ruled that this regulation was unconstitutional harmonizing to the First Amendment # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; constitution clause, # 8221 ; which states # 8220 ; Congress shall do no jurisprudence esteeming an constitution of faith # 8221 ; . In response to the Engel v.Vitale instance some schools adopted a # 8220 ; minute of silence # 8221 ; . ( Barbara A. Simon 129 ) Thomas Jefferson wrote the celebrated phrase # 8220 ; separation and church # 8221 ; in a missive to the Committee of the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut. He was reacting to the missive they had written, which stated: ? Our Sentiments are uniformly on the side of Religious Liberty # 8211 ; That Religion is at all times and places a Matter between God and Individuals # 8211 ; That no adult male ought to endure in Name, individual or effects on history of his spiritual Opinions # 8211 ; That the legitimate Power of civil Government extends no further than to penalize the adult male who works ailment to his neighbour? Jefferson responded by stating: I contemplate with autonomous fear that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislative assembly should # 8216 ; do no jurisprudence esteeming an constitution of faith, or forbiding the free exercising thereof, # 8217 ; Thus constructing the wall between separation and church. Jefferson # 8217 ; s declaration of # 8220 ; a wall of separation between Church and State # 8221 ; expressed his sentiment that the federal authorities did non hold the authorization to # 8220 ; order even occasional public presentations of [ spiritual ] devotion. # 8221 ; He did non oppugn the cogency of spiritual belief, but constructed his # 8220 ; wall # 8221 ; to protect spiritual freedom of scruples from the potentially of one federally recognized faith. Today, Thomas Jefferson # 8217 ; s # 8220 ; wall # 8217 ; of separation # 8221 ; has been removed from its context. Jefferson upheld the rights of spiritual free look by pupils in an educational scene as demonstrated by the 3rd article of the Northwest Ordinance, which he wrote. It said: Religion, morality, and cognition being necessary to good authorities and the felicity of world, schools and the agencies of instruction shall everlastingly be encouraged. ( Danbury Letter ) . The Religious Freedom Amendment states that to procure the people # 8217 ; s right to admit God harmonizing to the dictates of scruples: Neither the United States nor any State shall set up any official faith, but the people # 8217 ; s right to pray and to acknowledge their spiritual beliefs, heritage or tradition on public belongings, including schools, shall non be infringed. Neither the United States nor any province shall necessitate any individual to fall in in supplication, or other spiritual activity, prescribe school supplications, discriminate against faith, or deny a benefit on history of faith. ( Religious Freedom Coalition ) The Religious Freedom Amendment would change by reversal tendencies of stamp downing spiritual look including student- initiated supplication in public schools. The RFA retains the First Amendment # 8217 ; s purpose that authorities should non command nor oblige faith in America, but should suit it the same as other signifiers of address. Prayer at football games has besides been banned at schools. Many pupils are looking to acquire off from that limitation. In Lyford, Texas a group called, Angels in the Endzone was formed to pray before a football game. Since the jurisprudence says that the school can non take supplication pupils gathered at the endzone along with the football participants to pray before the game. ( Willacy Times ; # 8220 ; Angels in the Endzone # 8221 ; : October12, 1999, A9 ) . At Van High School a church group went around the opinion of non praying before football games and brought a mike to the game and led a supplication themselves. ( Valley Morning Star # 8220 ; Alliance circumvents school supplication prohibition # 8221 ; : October 17, 1999, A5 ) In my research I have found that many people are for supplication in schools. I excessively am for supplication in schools. Now a yearss there are many Acts of the Apostless of force in schools and there needs to be some sort of order in schools. We were given the right to pray wherever we wanted harmonizing to the fundamental law. Prayer seemed to work in the old yearss and there did non look to be violent Acts of the Apostless the manner there is now.

democracy in early us essays

democracy in early us essays Democratic government in the United States had its beginnings during the colonial period. The Mayflower Compact, House of Burgesses, New England Town Meetings, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, and the Zenger trial each was an important step in the development of our democracy. For example, The Mayflower Compact was an agreement among the Pilgrims of Plymouth, to establish a body and to obey the rules of the governors they chose. The House of Burgesses was the Virginian parliament. Other colonies had such legislative bodies, too. The Burgesses were mainly colonists who preferred democracy to monarchy. They were often in conflict with the British government and the governors. The British government didn't accept the House of Burgesses as a legal institution. Each event had contributed to the development of democracy differently. Ten years before the Puritans landed near Boston in 1630, the Pilgrims had landed on Cape Cod. Because they were far north of their sponsoring company's jurisdiction, they agreed to the "Mayflower Compact," a temporary set of principles about how they would govern themselves until a charter arrived. It never did. The "Mayflower Compact" is one of the first statements of rights and obligations made by a group of New World European migrants. It was also an effective answer to a few settlers who thought they could place their own aims above the community. English landowners had insisted on meeting with their leaders for consultation in local matters ever since the Magna Carta was signed in 1215. Virginia settlers expected that same right. The House of Burgesses was modeled after the English Parliament and established in 1619. Members would meet at least once a year with their royal governor to decide local laws and determine local taxation. They continued to meet on a yearly basis to decide local matters. The tradition established by the House of Burgesses was extremely important to colonial development. Eac...

Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Consumer Behavior - Assignment Example Yes, it does require a change but not necessarily for all products. Changing the image is good as it will mean a change in the advertisement of their candy products that target the adults. This is a way to entice the adults to purchase the products for themselves and enjoy them. On the other hand, a change in the image will make the adults feel more included by the company in the candy and their input in the companies appreciated as well. It will also make the conscious parents shed their inner guilt of eating while they tell the opposite to their children. A change in an image of the candy products to include the adults may lead to an exclusion of the children and this might reduce the children’s market as they will consider the candy to be an adult thing and not for children and this is not the aim of the companies. When the children feel left out and they are considered an all year consumers, it will mean that in the seasons that adults are not purchasing the candy in plent y; business will be non-existent for the candy companies. Bite size candies are manageable in terms of a number of calories they contain which most adults and especially the women who are known to be watching their weight prefer. They want to be able to still eat candy but in smaller amounts without any form of temptation and the best way to do this are by purchasing bite size candies. Other than the issue of watching weight and calories, these types of candies are easier to be concealed from the view of others and especially children.

Service Encounter Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Service Encounter Analysis - Essay Example Although I rather expected a sales person to descend upon me and attempt to make a sale, the fact of the matter was that I spent around 5-10 minutes browsing without anyone even asking if they could assist me. After such a time, I had a legitimate question concerning the specifications of a particular laptop. However, as I tried to make eye contact and get the attention of the section salesperson, I was all but ignored. Eventually I went to the salesperson and asked if they could assist me with a few questions I had. Rather than willingly offering their help, they seemed to begrudge the fact that they had to be troubled by a customer. Although to their credit they were able to answer my question in a knowledgeable way, they did not do so with the determination or desire that I would have expected from someone whose job it was to be in such a customer service oriented position. The physical location of the store was in central London. The dà ©cor and surroundings of the internal store itself were Spartan and geared more towards a utilitarian representation of the product to the customer rather than hoping to create an ambient store atmosphere. This â€Å"big box† feeling somewhat diminished from the customer service experience due to the fact that the customer feels that they are just another face in the crowd whose sole purpose is to come, buy, and leave. As a means of improving this particular service encounter, it is my belief that the situation could have greatly benefitted from hiring an individual who was both knowledgeable and interested in customer service. Although I was satisfied with the information I received, the way in which it was given was not willingly. As a means of bettering the level of customer care, the store might want to pay a closer attention to hiring better people and/or instilling a greater degree of customer care training in the future. Although the experience was less than stellar, the

A Policy Change in Solstice Sleep Products (SSP) Essay

A Policy Change in Solstice Sleep Products (SSP) - Essay Example Further, the impact of the new policy on various management functions will be evaluated before concluding with potential benefits of the policy. At SSP, the management levies greater importance to customer service but pays little attention to human resource management. This imbalance can be regarded as the cause for much dissatisfaction among workers and constant conflicts between management and workers. Workers perform their duties as per their supervisors’ instructions, which usually vary on a daily basis. A few of them work overtime on a continuous basis; these workers usually work overtime to earn some extra income as the worker incomes are not up to the mark considering the nature of their job and the pace of business growth. Imbalanced work allocation, extended working hours, and low wages are also causing increased stress, frustration and low motivation among workers. In order to improve the situation and bring about the harmonious working condition, it is important to change the way management has been functioning. Numerous measures would be required for effective human resources management, which may be difficult to implement at once; however, one significant change that could address many issues is the introduction of an effective performance management system. A new policy that could be of great benefit for SSP is the introduction of a comprehensive performance management system can be of great significance for the business as well as the management and workers. Performance management system can be used to measure productivity on a daily, weekly, monthly and yearly basis. Moreover, individuals’ current and past performance can be used as the basis for their career progression, which will ensure that the supervisors and team leaders are well versed with the work being performed. Moreover, good performers can be encouraged for taking up additional responsibilities like training, supervision, guidance etc, which will not only improve the w orkers’ motivation but also help in building trust in management’s decision. The performance management system should include appraisal systems that need to be conducted half-yearly and annually for deciding pay hikes for the workers. Performance management system should also include rewards and recognition for the top performing workers and a feedback mechanism for the underperforming workers to improve. If promotions and career progression are linked with performance, it would be of great value to the business and to the workers. A comprehensive performance management will have a significant impact on various management functions in the long run, as well as has the capability to show its immediate impact. For instance, a number of workers required for a specific activity can be assessed by studying workers’ performance and productivity. Moreover, staff can be planned as per work volume or production demand if we can assess each worker’s ability. Dependi ng upon the time taken to perform each activity, targets and expectations can be set, thereby avoiding the need for extended working hours. Based on the skills and efficiency of workers, work can be organized into various different units, from simpler tasks to complex ones.  

Therapeutic and Nutritional Values of Fruits From Nanded

Therapeutic and Nutritional Values of Fruits From Nanded THERAPEUTIC AND NUTRITIONAL VALUES OF WIDELY GROWN UNCOMMON FRUITS FROM NANDED REGION-A REVIEW Sonwane PP, Gond NY ABSTRACT: The use of immunostimulants as an alternative to the drugs, chemicals and antibiotics currently being used to control diseases man many have focused on the use of widely grown uncommon fruits and medicinal plant as potential therapeutic measures for modulating the immune response to prevent and control diseases. The possible use of naturally available fruits such as Ziziphus Jujuba, Ramnaceae (Ber), Buchania Lanzan, Anacardeaceae (Charr,/Chironji), Coccinia Grandis, Cucurbitaceae (Tindori,Tindora), Phoenix Sylvestris, Arecaceae (Shinole,Shindi), Grewiatiliifolia vahlvar, Tiliaceae (Dhaman.), Madhuca longifolia, Sapotaceae. (Moha.), Cordia dichotoma foret Boraginaceae. (Bhokar), Aegle marmelos Corr. Rutaceae. (Beal), Diospyros melanoxylon roxb,Diospyros decandra ,Ebenaceae. (Tendu,tembhurni), Rumex vasicarius . Polygonaceae. ( Hummayd and hammad ,sour-wort), etc. has been discussed in this article. The aim of this paper is to review research currently being carried out on the widely g rown uncommon fruits that have been nutritional and therapeutic value. Key words – Nutritional value, therapeutic value, widely grown, uncommon fruits INTRODUCTION: In most developing countries the food situation is worsening owing to increasing population, shortage of fertile land, high prices of available staples restrictions on import of the food, this has resulted in a high incidence of hunger malnutrition, a situation in which children women especially pregnant lactating women are most vulnerable. The present day need is to have information about the new food sources exploiting the vast number of less familiar plant resources existing in the nature. There are several foods that are consumed by the people in different region on a very limited scale especially among the tribal population. The wild fruits of many species have served as dietary staples medicines for thousands of years, particularly in the tribal rural areas of Nanded region of Marathwada. Certain fruits are the good sources of various nutrients especially anthocyonins, carotene, ascorbic acid minerals. Considering their no cost production, easy availability, abundant production, they need to be popularized recommended for commercial exploitation .If the people begin to derive an economic benefit from these wild plants, the natural environment of the area would be conserved managed the integrity of the food chains relationship within the ecosystem can be maintained. Good nutrition can help to prevent disease and promote health. There are six categories of nutrients that the body needs to acquire from food protein, carbohydrates, fat, fibers,Vitaminsand minerals and water. Food nutritional security are key issues for human wellbeing. Researches, governments organizations working with food nutrition are concerned with the nutritional status of the general population especially children, pregnant women lactating mothers in the developing countries. In the developing countries, starch based foods are major sources which supply both energy proteins requirements. Thus, protein deficiency prevails among the problems recognized by food and agricultural organizations. To alleviate the situation, efforts should be focused on sustainable use of underutilized and lesser wild plant fruits as a source of nutrient supplements in enhancing food and nutrition security. FRUITS ORIGINATED IMMUNOSTIMULANTS Natural widely grown fruits have various activities such as antistress, growth promotion, appetite stimulation, immune-stimulation, aphrodisiac and antimicrobial properties due to the active principles such as proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibers, alkaloids, flavanoids pigments, phenol, terpenoids, steroids and essential oils. 1) Ziziphus jujuba, belonging to family Ramnaceae, commonly named as Ber: It was distributed all over the Nanded district. Root were used to cure cough, headache. Leaves were used as antipyretic used in the treatment of obesity. Fruits were cooling, digestible, tonic, laxative, and a rich source of Vit–C, along with that having antibacterial, anti-inflammatory antioxidant. 2) Buchania lanzan, family Anacardeaceae, commonly named as Charr,Chironji: It was found throughout India, Burma and Nepal (1) and in India Hingoli, Parbhani, Latur and Nanded regions of Maharashtra. The plant grows on yellow sandy loam soil used in eprosy, diuretics, haemorrhage, cardiac disease, asthama, fever. Its roots are used as antiulcer (Scholars research library) 3) Coccinia grandis L.Voigt, belonging to family Cucurbitaceae, commonly named as Tindori,Tindora: It is distributed in tropical regions of Asia, Africa and is commonly found in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Srilanka. Different parts of Coccinia grandis such as roots, leaves and fruits were used for various medicinal purposes such as wound healing, ulcer, jaundice, diabetic and antipyretic. The roots have antioxidant activity [Tamilselvan N1,] [Indo Global Journal]. Fruit of Coccinia grandis is used as vegetable when green and eaten fresh when ripened into bright scarlet colour2. Every part of this plant is used as medicine and various preparations have been mentioned in indigenous system of medicine for various skin diseases, bronchial catarrh, bronchitis and Unani systems of medicine for ring worm, psoriasis, small pox, and scabies and other itchy skin eruptions and ulcers 3. Oil of this plant is used as an injection into chronic sinuses. The plant is used in decoction for gonnorhoeae, diabetes and also useful in dropsical condition, pyelitis, cystitis, strangury, snake bite, urinary gravel and calculi 4, 5. It is also useful to induce perspiration in fever and cures sores in the tongue 6. It has antilithic5, hypolipidemicb 7, antimutagenic 8 and hypoglycemic activities9, 10, anti-inflamatory activity [S.V Deshpande1], antioxidant activity of leaf extract of Coccinia grandis. [ Journal of Ethnopharmacology], antibacterial activity of leaf extract of Coccinia grandis. [ Journal of applied pharmaceutical science] 4) Phoenix sylvestris, belonging to family Arecaceae, commonly named as shinole, shindi It is locally called as shindi or shindole. It was found in Nanded, Parbhani, Latur regions of Marathawada state of Maharashtra, India. Fruits are edible, juice used to relieves toothache, pain, fever and respiratory disorder, and used as nerve tonic. 5) Grewiatiliifolia vahlvar, of family Grewiatiliaceae, commonly known as Dhaman : It Is found in all districts of maharashtra state of India . Fruits are edible. It is having Antioxidant and anti-proliferative activity. 6) Madhuca longifolia, belong to family Sapotaceae commonly known as Moha : This plants was found in all districts of Maharashtra except Osmanabad. Fruits and flowers are edible. They are used in treatment of diseases to skin. Syrup was used for medicinal purposes; It is also used in urine diseases and diabetes. 7) Cordia dichotoma foret f. Boraginaceae (Bhokar): It is commonly called as Bhokar .It is found in Aurangabad, Nanded, Parbhani and Osmanabad district of Mharashtra,India, Fruits are edible. The fruits are commonly used as Antiulcer, antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory, hepatoprotective antidiabetic activity. Antiulcer,antimicrobial, in acutetoxity,antiinflamatory,hepatoprotective.anti-diabetic activity . 8) Aegle marmelos Corr. Rutaceae (Beal) : It is commonly called as Beal .It is found In all district of Maharashtra. Fruit pulp is edible. It is Aromatic cooling, antioxidant and antimicrobial property. it is pleasantly laxative and simple cure for Dyspepsia. 9) Diospyros melanoxylon roxb. Ebenaceae.(Tendu, tembhurni,tember):It is locally called as tendu,tembhurni or tembe.It is found in Nanded,Latur, Jalna district of Marathwada. Fruits are edible.It is having Antimicrobial property,and bark shows the antihyperglycemic activity,some species shows the significant antispasmodial effect against p.falciparum, and anti-ulcer activity. 10) Rumex vasicarius l. Polygonaceae (Hummayd and hammad ,sour-wort ) : It is found in Nanded,Hingoli,Parbhani districts of Maharashtra. Fruits are edible. It is used as cooling,laxative ,analgesic,stomachic.leaf juice is used as astringent.it is also used in the heart trouble,constipation,asthmaBronchitis and piles. Tamilselvan N, Thirumalai T, Elumalai EK, Balaji R, David E, Pharmacognosy of Coccinia grandis: a review, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine (2011)S299-S302. Indo Global Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2012; 2(3): 230-238 -S.V Deshpande1*, M. J. Patil2, S.C. Daswadkar1, U. Suralkar3, A. Agarwal3  Ã‚  -Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 71, Issue 1, Pages 89-92 Anju Puri, R Sahai, Kiran L Singh, R.P Saxena, J.S Tandon, K.C Saxena -Journal of applied pharmaceutical science NOD2 and NALP3 in interleukin-1beta generation. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 2007;147 (2): 227–235. 2. Sastri BN, The Wealth of India A Dictionary of Raw Material and Industrial Products, vol 2 and  8,Publication and Information Directorate CSIR New Delhi, , 1950: 257 and 285-293. 3. Behl PN, Arora RB, Srivastava G and Malhotia, Herbs useful in Dermatological therapy, CBS  Publishers and Distributor, Delhi, 1993. 4. Nadkarni, KM, Indian Materia Medica with Ayurvedic, Unani Products and Home Remedies.  vol. 1, Popular Prakasham, Bombay, 1976:845-846. 5. Jayaweera, DM, Medicinal Plants (Indigenous and Exotic) used in Ceylon, Part 2, A Publication  of the Natural Sciences Council of Srilanka, Colombo, 1980. 6. Anonymous, Dictionary of Indian Medicinal Plants, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic  Plants, India, 1992. 7. Kumar PG., Sudheeshi S and Vijayalakshmi NR: Hypoglycemic effect of Coccinia indica.  Mechanism of Action, Planta Medica.1997; 59(4):330-332. 8. Kusamran WR, Tepsuwan A and Kupradinum P: Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic Potential  of some Thai vegetables. Mutat. Res., 1998; 402(1, 2):247-258. 9. Gupta SS., Pituitary diabetes. III. Effect of indigenous antidiabetic drugs against the acute  hyperglycemic response of anterior pituitary extract in glucose-fed albino rats, Indian J. Med.  Res., 1963;51(4):716-724. 10. Mukherjee K, Ghosh NC and Datta T, Coccinia indica as a potential hypoglycemic agent, Indian  J. Exp. Bio. 1972;5(10): 347-349. Ferrero-Miliani L, Nielsen OH, Andersen PS, Girardin SE : Chronic inflammation: importance of  Florra of Marathwada. Vol-I, Vol-II,

Plan of Champ de Mars, Paris 1889 Essay examples -- Architecture Histo

Plan of Champ de Mars, Paris 1889 This is a twenty-six by forty-eight centimeter plan of the Champ de Mars during the Exposition Universelle of 1889, used by visitors at the time of the fair, a bold political statement on the part of France, as well as an overwhelming success. The Third Republic was established in Paris in 1870, and by 1884, when preliminary studies for the the Exposition Universelle were launched, many political issues were still largely unresolved. In 1870 Napoleon III surrendered at the Battle of Sedan during the Franco-Prussian War. Two days after the defeat Republicans proclaimed the advent of the Third Republic. The Franco-Prussian war ended with Paris's capitulation in 1871. A group of Parisians found Prussia's terms humiliating and wanted to keep fighting. Later dubbed the Communards, they established a dictatorship in Paris known as the Central Committee of the National Guard, later renamed La Commune. However, before La Commune could put its principles into effect, The National Assembly sen t troops into Paris to eradicate the uprising. Even with the elimination of La Commune, there was great dissention within the government. There were conflicts between and within the Left and Right movements. An economic depression began in France in 1873 and worsened into the 1880s, affecting agriculture, industry, and small-scale trade. Citizen unrest was clearly evident in the popularity of General Georges Boulanger, who promised a reform, if not revolution, of the existing government.. In 1888, when Boulanger was at the height of his political esteem, the threat of governmental crisis was very palpable. It was under these circumstances that the Paris exposition of 1889, to commemorate the centennial anniversar... ...pride, it secured France's rank in the eyes of Europe. Bibliography Corporate Author, United States Commissioner to the Paris Exposition Washington: Government Printing Office, 1891 Findling, John E., Historical Dictionary of World's Fairs and Expositions, 1851-1988 New York: Greenwood Press, 1990 Jourdain, Frantz, Exposition Universelle de 1889 Paris: Librarie Centrale des Beaux-arts, 1892 Levin, Miriam, When the Eiffel Tower was New: French Visions of Progress at the Centennial of the Revolution South Hadley, MA: University of Massachusetts Press, 1989 Silverman, Deborah L., "The Crisis of Bourgeois Individualism", Oppositions 1977, vol. 8, p.70-91 Walton, William, Chefs-d'oeuvre de l'Exposition Universelle de Paris 1889 Philadelphia: Barrie Fr res, 1889 Watson, William,Paris Universal Exposition Washington: Government Printing Office, 1892

Reflective Commentary Essay

I have decided to write an expository essay for the Monash University student bulletin. This piece provides information on encountering conflict and intends to provide knowledge to students about the sides you can take when dealing with a conflict. I choose to write this piece as an expository essay as it allows me to explore the topic as best I can, reflecting on issues of encountering conflict. an essay also allows me to use real life examples that students can easily relate to their own life, which enhances their knowledge on the topic. Formal language was used for students to see the seriousness of this issue. The students of Monash University are at a higher educational standard, so there ability to understand formal language is appropriate. The audience of this piece is Monash University students, as well as teachers and other individuals associated with the university, and that read the university’s bulletin. The purpose of this essay is to inform and provide knowledge to university students about the possible conflicts in life, and the decision faced on whether to take a side or not. The aim was to encourage students to make the right decision when choosing whether or not to take a side of a conflict. I felt an expository essay, written with formal language, aimed at Monash University students for the purpose of enhancing their knowledge on conflict, was an effective way of reflecting on the chosen topic. This enabled an opportunity to explore all aspects of the topic, and provide novel and real life examples into the topic of encountering conflict.

Comparing two ballads Essays

Comparing two ballads Essays Comparing two ballads Essay Comparing two ballads Essay Essay Topic: W H auden Poems A ballad is a story often set to song and here I am going to study in detail the make-up and difference between two very different ballads.  For my first poem I chose La Belle Dame Sans Merci, (The Beautiful Woman Without Thanks) by John Keats. Comparing to this I chose W.H. Audens: MissGee. Out of the selection I picked these two poems because of how strongly they attracted my attention; Keats because it was so romantic and full of beauty and Audens because of the simplistic life and pathos evoked by this unsightly woman who wished so much to be beautiful, loved or just noticed. They compare well using just this factor of beauty but I shall delve into them more to find other contrasts. Wyston Hugh Auden was born in York, England in 1907. He moved to Birmingham where he spent his childhood. In 1928 Auden published his first book of verse and his collection of Poems that established him as an up and coming leader of literature. In 1939 he moved to the U.S.A. where he met his wife.  Generally he is considered as the greatest poet of the twentieth century. He died in Vienna in 1973.  The ballad Miss Gee was the most modern poem of our selection and it stood out vividly because it was so shocking and had such a stale humor and irony to it. Irony, because she had wanted to be noticed her whole life and dead she was but for the wrong reasons. The simple tone and rhyming couplets to ensure a flowing, easy read. Set out with two couplets over four lines in each ballad stanza, Miss Gee was an appealing and effortless read for a story in verse. The simple language emphasized simplicity and this and the detailed description helps keep your interest alert throughout this quite lengthy poem. The language is mainly all factual and easy to read helping also to convey how little depth to her character Miss Gee had. The shocking ending is was very stricking because it was unexpected and the tone and pace stay the same the whole way through as if Miss Gee being mutilated was nothing worth noticing. This also emphasizes how disrespected the main character actually was. People had made a mockery of her through her whole life so why in death would it be any different?  This disrespect made me feel sad because there are many people like the old spinster Miss Gee who are lonely and need love. They live and die unimportant and unloved. The poem is plain because the Miss Gee is plain. After she has been introduced the second stanza describes her as having a slight squint in one eye, tiny lips, sloping shoulders and no bust at all. Already we can tell that Miss Gee is not pretty and her name, Edith, is old fashioned. The story goes on to describe her life, which is very lonely and boring. She has her bike and the church but she has not much else, living all alone in a small bed- sit room on only one hundred pounds a year. One afternoon she dreamed of being the Queen of France and the vicar of her church asked her Majesty to dance. But even her beautiful dream was ruined; just like her self- esteem and anything she would ever dream to have.  She buttoned her clothes up to her neck because the years had made her insecure and staid. The repetition of certain lines emphasizes just how monotonous her life actually was.  She turned her head away from the passing young couples because she hurt to think of what she didnt have. They didnt ask her to stay. Here I feel I strong feeling of sympathy towards Miss Gee because she is so lonely. She attended church regularly yet she sat in the side aisle as if she wasnt good enough or she maybe felt too ugly. Saying lead me not into temptation, but make me a good girl please The church is her only source of friendship, comfort. She knows she has a friend in God. Yet, here she still lacks confidence, and sitting in the periphery shows that even in church she feels like she doesnt fit in. Miss Gee is a good girl but I think she thinks that if she is good she will maybe fit in. She says lead me not into temptation because she feels guilt for not being thankful for who she is and for wishing someone like the vicar would love her. When she got sick the doctor commented that cancer is a funny thing, childless women get it and men when they retire, and its as if there had to be some outlet for their foiled creative fire. He meant that it was as if people who had not fulfilled what they wanted or they had an inability to do so, got cancer.  Miss Gee died and the teacher took her to be examined by students who laughed disrespectfully at her. Constantly she was an outsider, unusual, yet even in death she was not given any respect. Then they shipped her off to the anatomy department where they hung her up and carefully dissected her knee. This demeaning tone is shocking and so very sad. It sums up Miss Gees whole life.

Did Homers Troy Really Exist essays

Did Homer's Troy Really Exist essays Homers Troy, did it really exist? Did the Trojan War really happen as depicted in the Iliad? There are many sceptics that say no, the Trojan War, described in the epic poem The Iliad never happened. On the other hand, many others have spent years trying to prove these critics wrong. An archaeologist, by the name of Manfred Korfmann, who was directly involved in one of the several excavations of Troy, stated that because the city was so strategically placed by a large body of water, to make trade easier, that the war could have easily been fought there and that The Iliad was the story from that war. Troy was a city, located at Hissarlik, in Turkey (Tyler 7). Homer describes the Trojan War as a ten-year long bloodbath. The event, in which Homer recites as the cause of this long battle, is when Paris, who is the prince of Troy, convinces Helen, wife of Menelaus, to come back to Troy to be his wife. This of course infuriates Menelaus, the King of Sparta. So the Greeks decide that they will go retrieve her from the walls of Troy. Battles occur day in and day out. Both the Greeks and the Trojans have won their share of these battles. The problem was that the Trojan walls were seemingly impenetrable. The Greeks devise the plan of the Trojan Horse. As a gift, they built a huge wooden horse large enough to fit many Greeks inside. When the Trojans brought the horse inside the walls, and were celebrating their supposed victory, the Greeks emerged from the horse and overtook the city. Killing and burning everything in sight. Homers story is a strange mixture of gods and goddesses, heroes and heroines(Edmondson 4); this is why many pass it off as a fictional story. Jacob Bryant, rejected the reality of the war and the city of Troy (Wood 41). Others, such as Heinrich Schliemann and Frank Calvert, both archeologists, were convinced the Trojan War happened and that Troy really did exist, and they set out...

Water level determination, measurement and datums Essay

Water level determination, measurement and datums - Essay Example Moreover, by performing all these activities, the exact location to extract ground water for irrigation purposes might be analysed effectively. However, if the exact place might be evaluated then many other processes of agriculture as well as human requirements might be improved to a significant extent. Therefore, due to all these purposes, the process of sea level measurement, changes of atmospheric pressure, winds, topographical changes, alteration of oscillations etc are calculated with high attention in these recent years as compared to prior age. The rationale of this essay is to analyse the importance and effectiveness of water level determination, tidal water measurements as well as datums. However, the entire essay is divided into four parts, introduction, discussion, analysis and conclusion. The level of sea is not uniform. It varies with time and distance and it’s mainly due to its steady motion. However, the motion of the sea is highly influenced by winds, tidal waves, atmospheric pressure, temperature, gravitational forces and many other forces of nature. Therefore, due to the presence of numerous uncertain forces and pressure influencing the level of water, a highly inventive technology named GPS Buoys is utilised. GPS Buoys is a sort of wave antenna of extremely light-weight used to analyse, whether the level of water in the sea is increasing or not. The prime purpose to utilise such type of instruments is to analyse the environment and the measurement of tidal waves. However, if any sort of difficult scenario arises, then it would surely get highlighted within this device and the engineers and the sea surveyors might take corrective actions for it. However, due to global warming, the ice caps or snows in high mountain peaks are melting at a rapid pace and this is increasing the level of water. But, due to increase of water level, the rate of dry land is decreasing and such a scenario

Legalizing Marijuana Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legalizing Marijuana - Essay Example ers of marijuana will accost only its users, the truth has it that marijuana use readily and inevitably attracts crime, violence and social disintegration. The government will also incur unforeseen expenses as it disburses more funds to the healthcare sector, for the treatment of marijuana-triggered conditions. The cause of these problems is the very nature of marijuana itself. Marijuana smoke contains 50- 70% more carcinogenic hydrocarbons, compared to tobacco smoke. Similarly, the fact that a single puff of marijuana smoke significantly alters chemical composition of the brain is a matter that is amenable to psychological complications and poor health. For the most part, the party that is culpable for blame is the people who voted for the decriminalization of marijuana. Given that the majority voted in favor of the legislation of marijuana as is disclosed by the BBC, there was nothing much policy makers and legislators could do. Partly, human rights caucuses such as ACLU are guilty of championing for the legislation of marijuana without sincerely informing the public about the dangers of the unprescribed use of marijuana. Likewise, other research organizations that falsely assert that there are no side effects of marijuana are to blame for the failure to be truthful (BBC, 1). To address this problem, it will be important to conscientize the public towards the pitfalls that come with the use of marijuana. It is from this juncture that the public can make informed decision on the matter. This idea is tenable because positive change emanates from a point of knowledge and self-resolution. Self-resolution will be important for all stakeholders herein. For instance, while parents will see the need to reinforce positive influence on their children concerning this problem, legislators may see the need to push for abrogation of the clause that legalized marijuana. From this point, the conscientized public may vote wisely. Others may propose the maintenance of status

Climate change Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8250 words

Climate change - Dissertation Example Climate change is the biggest environmental problem that the world is facing today. High-intensity storms and hurricanes are hitting the United States and Australia, ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctic regions are rapidly melting and severe droughts in Indonesia have resulted in fires razing the nation’s forests to the ground. Apart from direct destructive impacts to the environment, global warming also poses a threat to human health. Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelmingly negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years on the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present. According to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006). Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase in the world’s temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses, and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world’s total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world’s resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations’ survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom being one of the signatories has committed to reducing carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006). ... Increasing amounts of rainfall will give rise to the spread of vector-borne diseases. Despite the overwhelming negative effects of climate change, current trends still reflect rising levels of temperature. Out of the 20 hottest years of the planet, 19 occurred from 1980 until the present.ivAccording to NASA, 2005 was the warmest year recorded for over a century (Gutro, 2006)v. Human activity is the primary cause of this drastic increase of the world's temperature. The burning of fossil fuels to meet the energy demands of households, businesses and industries is number one on the list of greenhouse gas emissions. The world's total energy consumption is directly proportional to population levels. Simply put, the more people there are, more of world's resources are utilized. Sustainable development is key to ensure future generations' survival. The Kyoto Protocol aims to provide a solution the pressing problem of climate change. The United Kingdom, being one of the signatories, has committed to reduce carbon emissions significantly by the year 2010 (Wikipedia, 2006)vi. This has given rise to several policies that the government has authored in order to meet the set target. This paper focuses on energy efficiency and the introduction of renewable energy as two of the solutions that the United Kingdom's construction sector have given attention to. The effectiveness of regulations in place will be studied to see if these would be adequate to significantly decrease the country's carbon emissions. Emerging insights from adaptive and community-based resource management suggest that building resilience into both human and ecological systems is an effective way to cope with environmental change characterized by future surprises or unknowable risks. We

Macroeconomic Situation Essay Example for Free

Macroeconomic Situation Essay The economic situation in the United States today could be considered as one of the deepest crisis the mankind has seen in so many years. The GDP growth rate of the country has decreased and ultimately got in the negative figures. The GDP growth rate in the year 2009 was -2. 4%, the inflation rate of the nation got around at 2. 2%. After the credit crisis and the subprime crisis, the overall economy was hampered with phases of rapid unemployment and bailouts for biggest financial sector companies. The overall trust in the service sector was reduced to a considerable level. The unemployment rate in April 2010 was estimated around at 9.9%. Due to continuous decrease in the growth rate of economy, the level of public debt also increased and reached $12. 28 trillion (January 2010) which is 84% of GDP. (â€Å"National Economic Accountsnd†) But after the deep recession period, the economy is finally showing some signs of relief and recovery now. Though the expected growth rates are still negative, still the cumulative growth rates are expected to be better in the coming financial year. Provided the amount of the economic unscrambling the nation had witnessed in winter 2008-2009, the recovery pattern is still very weak, most importantly in persistent financial difficulties. The US congress and Federal Reserve have taken a number of steps in order to ensure that the current financial condition could be stabilized and active efforts could be made towards recovery and growth. The most extraordinary of those were producing a Primary Dealer Credit Facility and helping the acquisition of Bear Stearns by J. P. Morgan Chase. The Federal Reserve along with the Congress has continued to use the conventional macroeconomic tools in order to combat the current situation. (â€Å"The Current Economic Situationnd†) The bailouts and government intervention into an otherwise free market are indications of such steps initiated by them. Taking account of the steps taken by Federal Reserve, the short term rates have fallen but still the amount of risk in the interbank loan market has not changed much over the time. References: The Current Economic Situation: Retrieved on 5th June 2010 from website: http://www. cbo. gov/ftpdocs/90xx/doc9078/Chapter2. 4. 1. shtml National Economic Accounts: Retrieved on 5th June 2010 from website: http://www. bea. gov/national/index. htm

The Minimum Wage Must be Raised :: Increase Minimum Wage Essays

"Raising the minimum wage will benefit about 28 million workers across the country. And it will help businesses, too - raising the wage will put more money in people's pockets, which they will pump back into the economy by spending it on goods and services in their communities." -- President Obama The minimum wage must be raised because the cost of living has gone up considerably. Education is essential if one wishes to work, and the cost of education has increased drastically in the past twenty years. Companies should be requied to pay workers what they deserve, and that is more than minimum wage is now. With our new technology and the technology in the future work is harder and more complicated. A minimum wage increase would raise the wages of many workers and increase benefits to those disadvantaged workers. Because the cost of living has sky rocketed, it has become almost impossible to raise a family on a minimum wage job. A person living on his or her own cannot survive on minimum wage job either. Their living expense would just be too much. The earnings of minimum wage workers are crucial to their families well being. Evidence from 2013 and 2014 minimum wage increase shows that an average minimum wage worker brings home more than half of his or her family's weekly earnings. In 2013 one million single mothers with children under 18 would have benefited from a minimum wage increase to $10.

Solitude and Isolation in One Hundred Years of Solitude :: One Hundred Years of Solitude

Solitude and Isolation in One Hundred Years of Solitude   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "†¦Races condemned to 100 years of solitude did not have a second opportunity on earth."   These powerful last words of the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude ring true.   The book demonstrates through many examples that human beings cannot exist in isolation.   People must be interdependent in order for the race to survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Solitude.   Examples are found of this idea throughout the one-hundred-year life of Macondo and the Buendia family.   It is both an emotional and physical solitude.   It is shown geographically, romantically, and individually. It always seems to be the intent of the characters to remain alone, but they have no control over it.   To be alone, and forgotten, is their destiny.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel begins with geographic isolation.   Jose Arcadio Buendia shouts, "God damn it!   Macondo is surrounded by water on all sides!"   Whether it is, in truth, an island is irrelevant.   The town believed itself to be cut off from the rest of the world.  Ã‚   In addition, Jose Arcadio Buendia and Ursula are looking for solitude.   The founding of Macondo was a result of escaping Jose Arcadio Buendia's murder of Prudencio Aguilar.   Aguilar's ghost haunted them, eventually forcing them to retreat.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The family seems to remain very involved within itself.   Much of this is Spanish culture.   In Spanish-speaking countries, it is not uncommon to find many generations of the same family living in one house.   The Buendia house always has various relatives within it.   Yet, this is not the only explanation.   The incest of the family is a theme throughout the novel, and is a significant factor in the solitude of this family.   If a family rarely turns to others to branch out, it eventually becomes completely turned in upon itself: isolated and detached.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Occasionally, the family poisoned with the fate of solitude does reach out.   Those who interact with this family share in its unfortunate fate.   First to Pilar Ternera, the sexual companion of two of the Buendia boys.   Following this sexual interaction, Pilar spends the rest of her life alone.   The same pattern is seen with Petra Cotes, simply with another generation.   Another example is demonstrated by Remedios Moscote.   She is another outsider, paired with Aureliano Buendia.   Soon after their marriage she dies unexpectedly and violently. Solitude and Isolation in One Hundred Years of Solitude :: One Hundred Years of Solitude Solitude and Isolation in One Hundred Years of Solitude   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "†¦Races condemned to 100 years of solitude did not have a second opportunity on earth."   These powerful last words of the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude ring true.   The book demonstrates through many examples that human beings cannot exist in isolation.   People must be interdependent in order for the race to survive.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Solitude.   Examples are found of this idea throughout the one-hundred-year life of Macondo and the Buendia family.   It is both an emotional and physical solitude.   It is shown geographically, romantically, and individually. It always seems to be the intent of the characters to remain alone, but they have no control over it.   To be alone, and forgotten, is their destiny.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The novel begins with geographic isolation.   Jose Arcadio Buendia shouts, "God damn it!   Macondo is surrounded by water on all sides!"   Whether it is, in truth, an island is irrelevant.   The town believed itself to be cut off from the rest of the world.  Ã‚   In addition, Jose Arcadio Buendia and Ursula are looking for solitude.   The founding of Macondo was a result of escaping Jose Arcadio Buendia's murder of Prudencio Aguilar.   Aguilar's ghost haunted them, eventually forcing them to retreat.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The family seems to remain very involved within itself.   Much of this is Spanish culture.   In Spanish-speaking countries, it is not uncommon to find many generations of the same family living in one house.   The Buendia house always has various relatives within it.   Yet, this is not the only explanation.   The incest of the family is a theme throughout the novel, and is a significant factor in the solitude of this family.   If a family rarely turns to others to branch out, it eventually becomes completely turned in upon itself: isolated and detached.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Occasionally, the family poisoned with the fate of solitude does reach out.   Those who interact with this family share in its unfortunate fate.   First to Pilar Ternera, the sexual companion of two of the Buendia boys.   Following this sexual interaction, Pilar spends the rest of her life alone.   The same pattern is seen with Petra Cotes, simply with another generation.   Another example is demonstrated by Remedios Moscote.   She is another outsider, paired with Aureliano Buendia.   Soon after their marriage she dies unexpectedly and violently.

Poly Sci Final Paper

Final Paper Washington State University Political Science 418 Fall 2012 Section 1 Professor Robert Quinlan December 6, 2012 Introduction This paper is written almost exclusively with information taken directly from the book Families of the Forest  by Alan Johnson about the lifestyle of the Matsigenka Amazonian Natives. Information regarding the Matsigenka is almost solely derived from the work of Johnson unless noted otherwise. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the Matsigenka people, their needs as a community and finally pose a development project that meets the needs described.Realistically this is only one possible solution posed by an inexperienced undergraduate student. The author is student who has never set foot in South America or even has had any experience with a development project. The ideas expressed in this work are purely an academic exercise. The author does not assume that the Matsigenka do not already know and or practice some of the ideas shared in this a ssignment. Overview of the Matsigenka The Matsigenka, a native people  of the  Amazon Basin, live in what Johnson describes as an â€Å"angular landscape, along river valleys surrounded by forested mountains†.The Matsigenka have a peripheral environment on the outside edge of conquest lands. They originally settled in to a as a bid to avoid conflicts with other groups. The land is not ideal but good enough to live on while not ever being sought as territory for annexation by other groups. They are very isolated and their living choice has the consequence scarcity. Many of the best crops, fish, and game are not as bountiful as they are in other areas. They have plenty of land for their type of farming and their small population means they do not compete between themselves for resources.Their settlements are small and spread far apart. (Johnson) To understand the Matsigenka they must be seen in their own unique context of their daily lives. As with any parent, the task of r aising a child is to raise them to be able to live in the world on their own one day. For the Matsigenka this means raising children who will become accustomed to living in their own nuclear family and thrive while in relative isolation. (Johnson) The Matsigenka’s ability to be independent and desire to remain independent has been disheartening to missionaries and some schoolteachers.Attempts at organizing and building communities have largely been failures. The Matsigenka are happy to be free from directions and rules that stem from a missionary or any other persons attempt to convert or normalize them. (Johnson) From the very beginning their upbringing determines who they are as a people. From the start the emphasis on independence is apparent. No one is invited or comes to visit when a child is born. At birth a newborn is left alone on a mat while the mother is attended to. After a few minutes, the baby is then bathed with hot water causing discomfort making it cry. Johnso n) The procedure is done to strengthen the child for the hard independent life to come. The Matsigenka parents test the child’s limits, expecting more and more self-reliance at an early age. In the home, mothers commonly tether toddlers to a stake keeping them from wandering into danger. The method is no more a cruel â€Å"leash† than a baby gate used in American homes could be considered a cruel cage. (Johnson) Tethering allows the child freedom and independence without the danger of physical harm. The Matsigenka’s diet is varied and extensive.Their types of food production are farming, fishing, hunting, and foraging with some small use of domesticated animals. They can eat anything from raw foods found anywhere in their environment or eat feasts involving days of preparation. The people eat insect larvae of many bugs all during the year as source of dietary fats and protein. Larger game birds, monkeys, peccary, and tapir are the favorites. Farming small garden s is the most important to them making up more than half of their food. Foraging and fishing can often time produce disappointing results.Snakes are taboo and never eaten. (Johnson) Their diet poses no issues for them. For crops the people grow manioc (cassava), maze (corn), bananas, plantains, rice and coffee. Coffee has been introduced recently by outsiders as a cash crop. Along with trying to build communities the crop was meant to bring indigenous peoples into contact and trade with the modern parts of Peru. Coffee was seen as way to introduce money into the Matsigenka system. (Johnson) Their farming methods are sufficient to sustain them and the land they work on. The most important fish in the Matsigenka diet is shima. Johnson) These fish get up to 20 inches long and can weigh over 2 pounds. They are bottom feeders caught by net fishing. Mamori are similar in size to shima and caught with a regular hook and line setup. Rock dwelling fish like etari who are caught by hand. Alon g with other species such as shrimp and kempiti caught in traps fit into their diverse diet. Large fish species of omani, kayunaro and charava are rarely caught. (Johnson) Domesticated animals are not overly significant to a family. Families typically raise a couple of chickens and ducks.They are allowed to forage around the house during the day, feeding on insects considered pests like ants and sometimes are given maize. At night they are kept in chicken coops tended to by the children. (Johnson) As a people, the Matsigenka are very adaptive and catch all kinds of fish in many different ways. The Matsigenka do not participate in the market economy. Attempts to get them to raise cash crops and begin to participate have been implemented by outsiders. (Johnson) They make nearly all of the material goods used in daily life. However they do not make knives, aluminum pots or other metal items.As men and women they learn complementary manufacturing skills allowing them self-sufficiency. M atsigenka can survive in long-term isolation as a nuclear family with the skills in fishing, farming and hunting in the manner they prefer. (Johnson) The Matsigenka are adaptive, and independent. Needs and resource assessment based on the ethnographic description The Matsigenka have good nutrition and housing but they still have barriers to good overall health. The problems they have are not their fault. As a people they do everything they can like maintain standards of cleanliness, and treat illness with medicines they have available.The problems arise from limited resources and knowledge. (Johnson) For hygiene the Matsigenka clean themselves, their homes, and their clothing daily. Even when they sit on the earthen floor of their home they use a woven mat. (Johnson) They wash their hand before preparing food and are careful with waste. Baths are taken daily and garbage is thrown out in a separate area away from the home. The Matsigenka find human waste disgusting along with animal waste and believe according to Johnson that â€Å"The evil odor of feces is believed to invade the body and cause illness†(436)Families try to locate homes next to mountain streams to ensure a water supply uncontaminated by humans. (Johnson) Mountain streams, dry up seasonally forcing people back to the river for water where they are re-infected by water borne parasites. (Rainforest) Research has shown that the debilitating infections are colds, conjunctivitis, and parasites. Colds and conjunctivitis hit the community in waves. Epidemics move rapidly through the population. Tribal memories still exist of when the white man’s influenza that killed many. The people stay away from everyone and the schools when sickness hits.One of the most common greetings used by members is to ascertain if someone returning is sick and to be avoided. (Johnson) Johnson notes that researchers others who stayed with the Matsigenks stated: Most health complaints came to our attention because the medicines we had with us were believed to be more effective than Matsigenka remedies. Our house became a center where people would stop to tell us their symptoms and ask for treatment. They were pragmatic about accepting this help, seeing illness and injury as more or less naturally occurring. 436) When a family member becomes ill they are left to lie on a mat in their home while the rest of the family ignores the sick person. The Matsigenka believe sickness is life-threatening and feel a sick person is dangerous and best left alone. (Johnson) Johnson describes the Matsigenka as a mixed picture of health: They have an ample diet and are energetic and supple, capable of great feats of athleticism and endurance. They are attractive, maintain personal standards of cleanliness, and attend to their health needs with an array of remedies.On the other hand, they live with parasite loads that weaken them and probably contribute to many infant deaths, they are subject to viral and bacte rial infections that periodically sweep their hamlets and incapacitate them putting food production at risk†¦ Despite the beauty of nature surrounding them and their freedom to set their own work agenda, theirs is a hard life evident in the virtual absence of elderly people. (439) A needs and resource assessment based on the ethnographic description provided by Johnson would indicate a few key items.Health education, medical aid, improvements in sanitation, and clean drinking water are the most pressing needs. These could be possibly met using a culturally sensitive and responsible means of service delivery. Development project that meets one or more of the needs described Any project design must take into consideration the unique culture of the people it seeks to help Johnson notes in a prominent way that there is family level of sociocultural integration not a community one and the Matsigenka cannot be understood or appreciated except as a family level society.Meaning, as a g roup they are not â€Å"tropical-forest villagers† or â€Å"tribal peoples† like most amateur sociologists may picture. Unlike other groups they do not participate in suprafamily, raiding and warfare, structured gift exchange, or even large group feasting. (Johnson) Concepts like a family reunion or organizing a militia to defend their land are completely foreign to their way of life. Johnson notes it is extremely difficult to get them to participate in any group activity. They will listen to and directions but will walk away and refuse to join the proposed group activity.Matsigenka are not amenable to being directed or led. Education or works projects from other regions cannot be rolled out in a cookie cutter fashion to help them. Understanding their independence and determination does not mean that the Matsigenka are closed to change. In the 1980 and 1970’s sierra farmers came to the mountain valleys to live next to Matsigenka families. The new farmers have br ought infrastructural development that was welcomed by the Matsigenka people. They created school communities where boys, and girls, play soccer, study and do homework.Radios that can be found now are a sign of the integration of culture from the larger world around them. (Johnson) Most effective long term projects rely on ownership and the pride of the people they seek to help. Pride in ownership translates into maintenance and care of the public works project after the NGO who sets it up leaves. Johnson explains the idea of shintaro â€Å"owner† if we think of it not as legal title to objects like land or trees, but as a form of respect for the individual. Any project must transfer respect as ownership to achieve long term sustainability.Recently in the last 15 years money has been dumped into projects that have failed and been abandoned. (Fraser) It is not enough to just build something and leave. The best way to help might be to model what the rainforest flow project has done and pay special attention to some cultural factors. Any project should consider how ownership is considered, how the people operate as a family level society, the aversion to group activities, and being told what to do. The project should capitalize on their strong sense of hygiene and build on their dislike of human waste.The Matsigenka already intrinsically know about the importance of clean water and washing hands. The leap from understanding clean water and increasing the effectiveness of existing sanitation procedures should be an accomplishable task if executed sensitivly. Hygiene education and health services As a people they are very pragmatic, adaptable and have demonstrated a belief in better westernized medicine when dealing with researchers in the past. (Johnson) Setting up clinics may not be the answer since they will avoid any area where they may go and become sick.The clinic will need to come to the sick, not the other way around. Travelling to and helping sick f amily members on sleeping on mats in the home will strengthen any belief in stronger westernized medicine. The process will loosen the hold of traditional beliefs in bad spirits having an influence on outcomes. Health education can effectively be delivered using the existing school system and reinforced when educators visit with health professionals providing mobile medical clinic visits. (Rainforest) Previously efforts were made to do similar projects but the participants only spoke Spanish not the native language.To eliminate the language barrier it will be key that the health professionals and educators are fluent in the native language. Workers will need to understand cultural norms of the Matsigenka. (Rainforest) Special consideration should be given to immunization programs. Immunizations can make the people feel sick afterward and may scare participants off. Postponing immunizations until a trust relationship has been built up may be necessary. Credibility may be required for families to believe they are not being made sick after a flu shot or pertussis vaccination. SanitationThe Matsigenka already believe in finding the freshest water. Health education should teach how to defecate away from any water source and bury it when in the forest. The disdain they have for waste and how they conduct life around their home makes them receptive. Composting latrines with hand washing facilities may be built near schools but attention should be given to ventilation and odor control (Rainforest) considering â€Å"The evil odor of feces is believed to invade the body and cause illness†. (Johnson 436) Drinking water projects Delivering clean safe drinking water is of paramount importance to the Matsigenka, or any community.Rainforest Flow has used with self-reported success, for several years, a specific setup that uses low tech sand filtration. The method removes 99. 9 percent of bacteria from drinking water and uses a low tech gravitational flow. The systems are setup to support modest community growth and are maintained by a usage fee charged to every home water is delivered to. (Rainforest) In conclusion there are many projects that can possibly help the Matsigenka. The purpose of this paper was to introduce the Matsigenka people, their needs as a community and pose a development project that meets their needs sensitively.Like any group, assistance must be provided to them on their terms for it to be accepted. References Fraser, B. (2012, May 25). Machiguenga communities could be affected by peru gas production. Retrieved from Johnson, A. (2003). Families of the forest the matsigenka indians of the peruvian amazon. University of California Press. Retrieved from http://www. sscnet. ucla. edu/anthro/faculty/johnson/ethnography. html Rainforest flow. (2012, December 01). Retrieved from http://houseofthechildren. org/safe- drinking-water. html