Concept and Role of Civil Society in Democracy Essay Example

Concept and Role of Civil Society in Democracy Essay Example Concept and Role of Civil Society in Democracy Essay Concept and Role of Civil Society in Democracy Essay Concept and Role of Civil Society in Democracy The concept of civil society was introduced in Rome by Cicero. In the classical Greek time the state and civil society were al-most in equal status. Civil Societies meaning and role has been different in different historical phases of political discourse. In the period of mid eighteenth century as a consequence of renaissance, humanism and scientific revolution, legitimacy of absolutism was questioned. That started seeking about the sources of political and moral authority and the reason behind absolutism. So the churches who legitimated absolutism were against the will of people. The danger of anarchism caused human beings to be aware of the need for the mechanism to protect themselves. According to Hobbes rationality and self interest persuade human beings to combine in agreement to surrender sovereignty to a common power (which he called leviathan). The social contract theory of Hobbes stated two types of relationship. One was vertical, between the leviathan and the people, the latter submitted themselves to the former. The second system was the realm of horizontal relationship among the people. In that system people were compelled to limit their natural rights in a way that would not harm the right of others. The first is state and the second is civil society. In Hobbes paradigm, the formation of civil society lead to the formation of government, state and laws. The concept of state of nature and sovereignty of state lead to the realism which defined the nature of relationship between the state and the civil society. The modern meaning in sociological perspective of civil society is based on the works of David Held (1987-95). According to him, Civil Society retains a distinctive character to the extent that it is made- up of areas of social life. This social life includes the domestic world, the economic sphere, cultural activities and political interaction. These areas of social life are organized by the private and voluntary arrangements between individuals and groups. The sphere of these institutions and actor are outside the direct control of the state. Civil society, in the view of New left, can play key role in defending people against the state and market and in assisting the democracy and in asserting the democratic will to influence the state. The Neo- Liberals consider civil society as a site to struggle to subvert communist and authoritarian regimes. So civil society occupies an important place in the political discourses of both New- left and Neo – liberals. The London School of Economics/ centre for civil society, has defined as civil society refers to the area of voluntary association of actors around common interests, purposes and values. Its institutional forms are different from that of state. The civil societies are often populated by organizations, such as registered charities, developmental NGOs, community groups, womens organizations, faith based organizations, professional associations, trade union, self help group, social moments, business associations, coalitions, and advocacy groups. Thus, the civil society is composed of the totality of voluntary, civic,and social organizations, and institutions. These civil societies form the basis of a functioning society. It is an accepted value that the democratic society works to promote active citizenship and political participation. These values of civil society in a democray are more important than any other forms of societies. In the democratic set- up such as in the western world and in many developing countries. The civil societies have served as a means of social renewal by improving the participation and faith of people in the political process. So, the role of civil society to improve peoples participation in the democracy may be described as below. Civil society limits the power of state. Any democracy needs a well functioning and authoritative state at the same time theres need to check, monitor and control the abuse of powers and violations of laws. Civil societies have vital role in public education and information. Which in turn will increase political efficacy and skill of democratic citizen and promote an appreciation of obligation and rights of citizen Providing avenues and voice to the stake holders is also a role by allowing them to articulate, express, represent their concerns publicly. That will help to influence the governance level as well . Civil society can brings people of different interest together to a common platform for their common interest and purposes. That helps to build solidarity among different stakeholders. Civil societies campaign against sexism, racism, un-touchability , minorities issues creates awareness and harmony towards each-other and bring changes in peoples attitude . Which will help the citizen to enjoy the benefit of democracy easily . Voters education, election monitoring for fair election, public accountabilitys promotion, public access to information, transparency, human right defender are the areas in which civil society can play influential role so that citizen will be able to use the rights of democracy in full potential . Finally, civil societies can play their role by making state more accountable at all levels, responsive, inclusive, effective and legitimate. A successful civil society strengthens citizens respect for the state and promotes their engagement with state. Civil society , therefore, can provide alternative policy inputs, voice to the voice less, promote transparency, correct distribution system and can play a role of democracy defender .

Health social care Essay Example

Health social care Essay Example Health social care Essay Health social care Essay THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE Task 1 (LO 1): Essay 800 words Write an essay on the importance of partnership working in the efficient delivery of public health services. You must include the following into your discussion to demonstrate an understanding of the importance of multi-agency collaboration. Roles of various local, national, international, and voluntary organisations Epidemiological considerations such as geographical distribution of health conditions and vulnerable groups Include examples of infectious and non-infectious diseases 1.1 Explain the roles of various local, national and International organisations in enhancing public health practice 1.2 Apply relevant concepts of epidemiology and public health in the context of health and social care 1.3 Review methods of dealing with infectious and non infectious diseases in health and social care settings. - Empowering Users of Health and Social Care Services Task 1 LO1 (Up to 700 words.) You are a manager in an East London health and social care organization that provides services for vulnerable people from diverse backgrounds. The local authority (LA) has asked you to provide a report and join their monthly staff meeting in which your contribution will be to provide a comprehensive report in order to pass their annual Quality Assurance (QA) inspection. In the meeting and for your report you will also focus and discuss issues and concerns surrounding complaints from family members about the quality of  care, staffing issues, training, rights of service users, and promotion of service user’s dignity in your organisation. In your report you must discuss current legislations and sector standard skills that are relevant to promoting rights of their family members and to service users in general. In your report you should also discuss factors that promote and maximizes the rights of users of health and social care. Finally issues surrounding communication should also be addressed in the meeting and in your report. 1.1 Explain how current legislation and sector skills standards influence organisational policies and practices for promoting and maximising the rights of users of health and social care services. 1.2. Analyse factors that may affect the achievement of promoting and maximising the rights of users of health and social care services. 1.3 analyse how communication between care workers and individuals contribute to promoting and maximising the rights of users of health and social care services - PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT TASK1 = LO1 You are a care worker in a health and social care setting. Your line manger has asked you to care for a service user with a form of infectious disease. You are very religious and have small children at home. You have reservations about taking care of this service user based on your values and cultural beliefs. Discuss personal values in health and social care settings and compare your own initial response based on your own personal values to the case scenario above. Assess how your own personal culture and experiences would influence the support you would give to the service user in case scenario given above. Discuss how current legislations and policies and procedures in the workplace would affect the service user. In your discussion you must include how it will impact on your own personal values and beliefs. You must take into consideration in your discussion how you would overcome tensions and conflict between your own personal values and those of e.g. users of service, workplace organizations, and other people with whom you work.

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Essays

Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Essays Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Paper Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds by William Shakespeare Paper Basically, this poem is about love, but here shakespeare has discussed the love which is in his mind. you may disagree with him if you like. The first stanza in this poem is a quatrain and its rhyme scheme is abab. Shakespeare uses alliteration, assonance, consonance, and repetition to develop this stanza, which, as a whole, states that love does not change. The first line contains an example of alliteration in the words â€Å"me,† â€Å"marriage,† and â€Å"minds. † In this line, he is referring to love as â€Å"the marriage of true minds. † He uses the alliteration of the â€Å"m† sound to draw attention to his view of love as being a type of marriage. The words â€Å"admit† and â€Å"impediments† in the second line are examples of both assonance and consonance because of the identical â€Å"i† and â€Å"m† sounds. The second, third, and fourth lines of this stanza contain repetition. â€Å"Love,† â€Å"alter,† and â€Å"remove† are repeated to put emphasis on the points that he is trying to make. He is saying that if a person is really in love he or she would not have to make changes in their lover to make themselves happy, and that love cannot be taken back. The second stanza of this poem is a quatrain with a rhyme scheme of cdcd. This stanza contains assonance, a very clever metaphor, and personification in stating that love is ever-lasting and can be used as a guide in life. The words â€Å"star† and â€Å"bark† in line eight of the poem contain assonance of the â€Å"a† sound. Shakespeare uses this assonance to bring attention to the metaphor he is using, which compares love to the North Star, which is a guide for ships. By following their hearts, people can use love as a guide to get them through life. Also, the North Star is relatively permanent, and Shakespeare says love is an â€Å"ever-fixed mark† in line five of the poem. Line eight refers to a star when it says â€Å"Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken. † Stars have neither ownership nor a set gender, so this line contains personification. Shakespeare speaks of love as if it were human to express the importance of it. The third stanza of this poem is another quatrain and its rhyme scheme is efef. Personification, assonance, and consonance help to get the point across that love is independent of time. In lines eight and nine, Shakespeare says â€Å"Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks within his bending sickle’s compass come. Even though beauty fades with time, love does not. Shakespeare personifies time to help express that love does not operate on any specific clock. He even capitalizes â€Å"Time† as if it were a real person’s name. He also personifies death in line nine when he refers to the bending sickle, which would be the weapon of the infamous reaper. Death can t ake away physical traits, but not true love. Shakespeare intentionally expresses his view of love as not yielding to time or any other force. The use of the words â€Å"but† and â€Å"bear† in line twelve of the poem is an example of alliteration. Shakespeare uses these words to help express that love can survive anything on its own despite the pressures and influences of time. The fourth and final stanza of this poem is a couplet with a rhyme scheme of gg. In this stanza, the poet-speaker boasts how confident he is in his opinion of love, suggesting that if his opinion is wrong, no one has ever loved. In line fourteen, the poet-speaker declares â€Å"I never writ, nor no man ever loved. † The words â€Å"never,† â€Å"no,† and â€Å"nor† are an example of alliteration. These negative words are used to strengthen the poet-speaker’s certainty of his opinion of love. Line fourteen also has internal rhyme. â€Å"Never† and â€Å"ever† are positioned before the word â€Å"loved†. Shakespeare uses this internal rhyme to make it clear that the speaker has full faith in his own words. William Shakespeare’s poem â€Å"Sonnet 116 is an excellent poem. Using multiple literary tools, such as metaphors, personification, and internal rhyme, Shakespeare has created a masterpiece that describes love by what it is and is not. Because of the brilliant use of tools and flow in this poem, it will remain one of the best poems ever written.

Major energy and resource demands of a brewery Essay

Major energy and resource demands of a brewery - Essay Example Water is an essential resource in the brewery industry especially because it is a vital ingredient that is utilized in almost every step in the process of making beer, comprising nearly 95% proportion of beer by mass. Breweries in the contemporary world have water demands that range from about 0.4 to 1m3per hl of beer that is produced, and the consumption rate varies considerably depending on a number of key factors of production. For instance, the consumption of water varies based on the beer type, and number of beer brands, the size of the brews, the packaging and pasteurization process, as well as the cleaning system, and the type of equipment used. The bottling process consumes more water than the kegging process, and the cooling systems account for further water losses through evaporation especially in hot climates, but cold climates lead to energy saving in the chilling process (Chauvin 48); in this case, the entire beer brewing process needs large quantities of good-quality wa ter. The brewing process is not efficient on the use of water especially because large quantities of water are lost through wastage; wastewater is a major component of the waste products of brewery operations despite substantial technological enhancements in the industry. It has been estimated that nearly 3 to 10 liters of wastewater is generated per every liter of beer that is produced in brewerie ; the quantity of wastewater generated by breweries largely depends on the scale of production and specific water usage. A large proportion of the wastewater produced through brewing, rinsing, and cooling processes is disposed off, or safely treated for reuse but this process is usually very expensive for average brewers who find it economically unsuitable. In this respect, most brewers hardly reuse their wastewater because the high cost of treating it, leading to the high demand for good quality water in the brewing process. Apart from water, energy is yet another major resource of the b rewing industr

Dairy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Dairy - Research Paper Example However, in order to bake a dish perfectly, the right recipe needs to be followed. When it comes to baking, the idea is attached to breads and pastries which are considered staple food and delicacies in most part of the world since centuries. However the use of dairy products in baking is the reason for the evolution and transformation of baking world. Dairy products are food originated from milk and these can be classified as fresh cream milk itself then butter, cheese, yoghurt, cream and so on. Dairy products when blended with flour and other baking agents created dishes which are delicate, innovative and palatable. It is the dairy products like butter and milk which give taste, texture and flavor to many baked desserts and savories. As baking evolved, the importance of dairy products has only increased so as to impart value and uniqueness to baked good products. The main reason behind the use of dairy products in baking is to increase the moisture and flavor of baked dishes. The most nourishing dairy product in baking is whole fresh milk, when added transforms the appeal, texture and taste of any dish. Whole milk produces the best result in baked dishes due to its fat content and other nutritional qualities. Milk is used in varied forms as whole milk or semi – skimmed milk according to the demand of the recipe of the baked food item. Milk in other forms as cream, cheese, evaporated milk also culminates the tastes of baked food into enjoyable reality. In the most popular desserts butter which is the derivative of milk is considered as an unavoidable cooking ingredient. Butter is the most richening dairy product acquired by churning milk and it makes every dish succulent and aromatic on baking. It could be mentioned that in baking process ,butter has a significant place .The reason is due to its semi – solid state and its easiness in

Modern Mums International Marketing Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Modern Mums International Marketing Plan - Essay Example Established in 2000 by Mary Polion, Modern Mums is a small company situated in Dublin, specializing in maternity wear. The company has established sales in Ireland through establishment of outlets in department stores and other independent outlets. It hastily won recognition and sales for its modern clothes, which proved particularly popular with working-class women. It has established a good sales base in Ireland and is selling in the UK to such prestigious retailers such as Harrods, John Lewis and Selfridges. Today the company employs 80 people manufacturing and selling maternity wear for the Irish and the export markets. Until now, export activities have been concentrated in the UK market (primarily department stores like Harrods). The firm depends heavily on a personal approach to secure orders. Potential buyers receive a presentation on the range from Mary herself or from Celine Murphy, the firm’s Chief Designer. In recent years, Modern Mums has come under increasing inte rnational competitive pressure in both the domestic and UK markets. Chain stores from the UK and mainland Europe have made significant inroads in the Irish market. Several of the European chains use global sourcing and large volumes to keep prices down. Mary has decided to fight back by expanding her business to mainland Europe and has identified three countries including Germany, France and Italy. The most effective market among the three options the company has identified is Germany. This paper discusses the international marketing plan that Modern Mums can adopt to establish competitive advantage in Germany. Current Business Situation in Germany The prominent drivers of the maternity wear markets in Germany include fashion, consumer confidence and the increased income levels. According to Rama Rao, (2008), the maternity wear market grew over 1% in European countries within two years to 2009 to reach 140 million dollars. Germany is the largest clothing and maternity wear market in the European Union with an estimated purchase of 51 billion pounds. The German clothing industry forms the second largest consumer industry being excelled by food and beverage industry. Germany is the largest importer of maternity clothing in the European Union with the imports accounting for 90% of the maternity wear sold in Europe (Hauser, 2010:2). The market has not grown as strongly as the regular women’s wear maternity wear is relatively expensive. Statistics indicate that trousers are the most popular maternity wear item that is purchased in the market followed by tops and jeans. The difference in the popularity of these items is caused by the variation in age. Pregnant women under the age of 25 years would buy more jeans and tops compared to their elder counterparts. The increasing number of mature first time mothers i.e. between 25-35 years of age has widened the market for maternity wears targeting older women in Germany. Most of them are career people who would req uire an outfit that would enable them carry out their official duties without clothing stress. The increased preference of small families implies that people have more resources for spending during pregnancy than when handling larger families. Additionally, most German women are choosing to

Credible and Reliable Sources Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Credible and Reliable Sources - Essay Example Thus, those who have traditionally been university educated, were white males from privilaged backgrounds. This demographic has changed, and so to should the language conventions that reflect an era when only white males attended university – the very individuals or group that established past conventions. Thus, one important tip, is not to use 'gendered pronouns', rather, one ought to use 'gender neutral' pronouns like they, or their. One of the other elements that makes APA a desirable or optimal format, is the brevity of the style. With regard to the notion of APA Abbreviations, one of the important goals stressed, is that the style or format should do as little as possible to distract the reader from the content of what is being read. It is maintained by the APA that the less style formatting that is used, the better. The less there is formatting, the less attention a reader is going to spend paying attention to anything other than the basic text. So, for example, wherever possible, information is abbreviated. One good example of doing this, is with author's names. Author first names are not given either with 'in text' citations, which is normal for a lot of style conventions, or with bibliographical information.